However, in many instances, transparency does extend well beyond an organizations boundaries to the public domain.
Many scientific and business code-bases are open source. Since the advent of portable languages and VM-based back-ends, the practice of open sourced software has increased - not decreased. Many algorithms themselves are published and peer-reviewed. You can purchase Corman's Introduction to Algoritms, Knuth's books Sedgewick's books, the Stony Brook Algorithm Repository. Scientific software has been especially drawn to participate in open-source. From the beginning, efforts of scientific software were focused on to increased accuracy and minimizing error. Start from Anthony Ralston's books and Richard Hamming's book for instance.
Peer review is available and performed at numerous levels. The original criticism "no one" does peer review is over-drawn, misleading, and I would say, unfounded.
Many scientific and business code-bases are open source. Since the advent of portable languages and VM-based back-ends, the practice of open sourced software has increased - not decreased. Many algorithms themselves are published and peer-reviewed. You can purchase Corman's Introduction to Algoritms, Knuth's books Sedgewick's books, the Stony Brook Algorithm Repository. Scientific software has been especially drawn to participate in open-source. From the beginning, efforts of scientific software were focused on to increased accuracy and minimizing error. Start from Anthony Ralston's books and Richard Hamming's book for instance.
Peer review is available and performed at numerous levels. The original criticism "no one" does peer review is over-drawn, misleading, and I would say, unfounded.