Probably the four most important things you can do to change your odds of making it past 80 are:
1. Not smoking.
2. Eating healthily (fiber, vitamins, low sugar; this is a nascent field).
3. Exercising regularly.
4. Wearing sunscreen and minimizing sun exposure.
These will collectively reduce your risk of common cancers significantly, as well as protect against heart disease. Additionally, they can help strengthen your immune system and body against other diseases that e.g. the malnourished or obese would be more likely to succumb to.
But don't minimize your sun exposure too much or you may end up depressed and kill yourself. Maybe the lesson is one of moderation (but not for smoking!).
It's not just vitamin D that's created in the skin during UV exposure, many closely related substances are also made. The exact purpose or effect, if any, of these is unknown.
the hard part not mentioned is, being born to the right parents. Genetics are such a big part of it. The items you listed are more short term boosts to longevity. I am sure many of can point to countless relatives who don't do a thing on the list and just keep on going and others will have done everything right and drop dead before 60.
An interesting theory that seems to make sense to me, is that in a sense who you're born to determines your eating habits. The recipes handed-down from the ages are my wife and I's go-tos, even when they are unhealthy at times.
Actually, human behavior genetics studies suggest that all-cause mortality (and, thus, longevity) has about the lowest calculated "heritability" (which concretely means resemblance among closely related persons) of any measurable human behavioral characteristic. Increases in life expectancy are happening to everybody, and most causes of death have a big stochastic or environmental component in their actual manifestation in individuals.
I disagree completely with #4. The conclusion is, IMO, based on only looking at one side of the coin: the damage over-exposure to the sun does, while ignoring the positive benefits of sun exposure. I'd rewrite it as "Prudent exposure to sunlight while preventing sunburns".
On eating healthily, it is sad that over a century after we started nutrition research, we are still so clueless. There is actually a lot of good information out there, but what conclusions to draw are hard to determine. This is for a variety of reasons: government policy interference, nutritional "belief" fiefdoms, a lot of very bad research, media preferring a sensational story, and certain interests with a strong incentive to confuse the matter. It takes effort, but a person can come up with a scientifically supported diet (in fact, more than one).
The place where we are still in the dark ages is the impact our gut biome plays. As the recent article about African hunter-gatherers show, we are completely clueless about what constitutes a good gut biome. Instead, I feel like much of our knowledge is of the analogous form, "smoking one pack a day is more healthy than smoking two packs, so smoking one pack is the healthy choice" (this analogy holds for many aspects of nutritional health, for example, sugar). We don't have access to a truly healthy gut biome, so our baseline comes from the "least unhealthy" group.
