* regular SMS/MMS messages sent from the Messaging app on Android, in which case: No, of course not. Those go directly to the cellular modem in the device. Or
* messages sent/received using Google Voice, in which case: Probably. These are scraps of data that live on Google's servers, just like data within Gmail/GTalk/et al. They have mp3 audio and text transcriptions of all your incoming voicemail that comes in through GV.