Primarily PHP, although I seem to remember classic ASP VBScript not dying if you passed a bad email to CDO (but that's been a long time, so i might not remember that correctly).
PHP would not throw an exception if the mail function got a bad email address. well, using some mailing libraries might, but the core mailing function (basically just a wrapper for sendmail/postfix CLI stuff) wouldn't.
Oh, you expected silent failure from a crappy library. :) I think Java (or rather, the library you're now using) made a much better decision to not blunder along.
PHP would not throw an exception if the mail function got a bad email address. well, using some mailing libraries might, but the core mailing function (basically just a wrapper for sendmail/postfix CLI stuff) wouldn't.