Most likely your employer is withholding your taxes with the wrong SSN, or quite possibly, not actually withholding them at all (keeping them out of your check, but not sending them to the tax authority). This happens fairly frequently with employers that are heading down the road to bankruptcy. But if your employer is still around a year later it's probably the wrong SSN.
No, the state employee said that the sheet of paper was probably quite literally detached from the rest of my return.
My (former) employer is an extremely reputable organization that has been around for over a century and probably will be for another one. I even checked with their HR department to verify the error wasn't on their end.
Most likely your employer is withholding your taxes with the wrong SSN, or quite possibly, not actually withholding them at all (keeping them out of your check, but not sending them to the tax authority). This happens fairly frequently with employers that are heading down the road to bankruptcy. But if your employer is still around a year later it's probably the wrong SSN.