Affected versions are 1.8.0 through 1.8.3p1 inclusive. Ubuntu 11.10 is not affected (it's running 1.7.4). Ubuntu 12.04 (alpha) might be, which appears to be running 1.8.3p1, for a short while anyway.
Debian _un_stable, on the other hand may be (depending on when you last updated). There is a new package available and so an `apt-get install sudo' or `apt-get upgrade' will sort it.
RHEL compiled out the debugging support and is NOT vulnerable.
Fedora compiles everything with -DFORTIFY_SOURCE which means this still crashes, but is not (thought to be) vulnerable. In any case there is an update available for Fedora right now. https://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/sudo-1.8.3p1-2.fc16