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SQL isn't the only RDMS language, but it is the one with 50 years of incumbency.

Postgres before it was called 'PostgreSQL', used something called QUEL, which is quite a bit cleaner. There is also Microsoft's LINQ.

A typical programming language can express all that SQL can. In a way, an ORM is a cross-compiler from your programming language to SQL.



> A typical programming language can express all that SQL can. In a way, an ORM is a cross-compiler from your programming language to SQL.

SQL has always been a sort a magical, black-box in that you have very limited control over the query planner, and have to hint at it to do the right thing. (I guess `EXPLAIN` allows you to peak in the box a little)

I found [Apache Calcite](https://calcite.apache.org/docs/algebra.html) rather interesting. It provides the primitives that a DBMS is built from.

I would be interested to compare how PSQL is built in comparison. I would love a more layered/pluggable database that everyone can build off of. I think FoundationDB had this approach.


LINQ is pretty much a clone of SQL. Its nice, I agree, but do you think its materially different?

SQL could benefit from being language-integrated, yes. Very few languages can model relational algebra types though, if thats a thing you care about (it certainly is for me).




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