There's a fundamental difference between blasphemy - which by definition doesn't attack anyone, and the right to which is one of the cornerstones of our civilisation, being a part of religious freedom - and hate speech.
In Poland it's not literally called blasphemy, but "offense against religious feelings". So it's framed as if someone was hurt. There are no equivalent laws for other kinds of feelings, like atheistic feelings, romantic feelings, vi vs emacs feelings, or even patriotic feelings. I think disrespecting the flag and national symbols is illegal. But it is essentially a blasphemy law.
"blasphemy - which by definition doesn't attack anyone"
There is a difference of course, but religious affiliation is absolutely a 'protected category' in most places and it's a very nuanced thing to say 'attacking a faith' is not attacking a culture or group.
Most people in the world identify more with their faith as much as they do nationality, or skin colour.
"Here's my funny, irreverent comment about X Religion"
"Here's my funny movie questioning X Religion"
"Here's me in a costume of X Religious Figure"
"X Religious Figure is a cockroach"
"People who follow Religious X Figure are cockroaches"
"These Specific Religious Folks are cockroaches"
"This Specific Religious Building is full of cockroaches"
"There's no evidence This Specific Religious group was massacred"
I'm going to bet some of those things are possibly a little 'blasphemous' but really benign, whereas others are 'blasphemous' to the point of straight up, 'hate speech' by legal definition.
It get complicated quickly, it's not all just benign.
In India, Myanmar etc. this seems to be quite evidently a problem, especially on Facebook.
It’s true that blasphemy can sometimes turn into hate speech. But when it happens, then it’s wrong because it’s hate speech, not because it’s blasphemy.
It’s also worth noting that in many, or perhaps most, cases of blasphemy the root of the problem is preventing someone from harassing others in the name of their religion. Good example is Poland, where people are being sued for protesting against Catholic discrimination of minorities.
