Somewhat, but it's a different use case. I'd say the main difference is that message buses are better for non-urgent, hopefully-soon-but-definitely-eventually workloads, while creating something like a message bus between services within a mesh will impose more urgency.

Anecdotally I've heard that extremely chatty services (like something that approximates a message bus) are considered poor mesh design but I don't really understand why that is the case so long as the service architecture is kept clean