Vue.js is basically just a js object wrapping a DOM node. It's claiming to be the equivalent to a full fledged MVC framework (or similar). But it only supplies the V and completely ignores the C and M. Leaving it up to you to invent your own framework on top of it. The parts that Vue.js do supply are not well thought out (Vuex is a nightmare). The parts that do work and are nice are simply straight out copied from other frameworks like Angular. When you give an average developer Vue.js as the only tool you end up with the same kind of code you get when trying to write a complex SPA with jquery: a Single-Pile-of-shit-App.
I'm curious about where you saw claims of Vue.js being a fully fledged MVC framework. Asking because I've always thought that Vue did a decent job of being forward about exactly what it is. Just reading the first paragraph of the guide (https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/):
"The core library is focused on the view layer only"
It seems to be pretty clear that it's meant to be a simple, easy to deploy, view layer only. I think it accomplishes that purpose pretty well. There are additional libraries (Vuex, VueRouter) which extend this core library into something coming close to a full MVVM framework, but those libraries are all maintained separately and not part of the core.