reminds me of a quote from my favorite band: God thinks in the geniuses, he dreams in the poets and he sleeps in the rest of the people

ok, the Landauer limit defines the minimum energy for a bit flip but I don't see how a Toffoli gate would require less energy for a bit flip let alone come into the region of the Landauer limit. Could someone with more knowledge enlighten us (or at least me)?

The Landauer limit defines minimum energy for a bit *erasure*.

A reversible gate doesn't involve any such erasure and therefore Landauer's principle doesn't apply to it.

What will happen in practice if you do an entirely reversible computation is that you end up with the data you care about and a giant pile of scratch memory that you're going to need to zero out if you ever want to reuse it. Or perhaps you rewind the computation all the way back to the beginning to unscratch the scratch memory but you're going to at least need to pay to copy the output somewhere.

IANAP, but my understanding is that the Landauer limit defines the minimum energy of forcing a unknown bit into a known state. Physics as we know it is fully reversible at the microscale - every possible state have exactly one ancestor state. An irreversible process (that is, one that would force to macroscopically distinguishable states into a single one) is only possible if we conduct the "unknowness" aka entropy away from our computer - i. e. generate heat. Toffoli gate are reversible, and therefore in theory you can implement it in a way that is not subject to the Landauer limit.

Obviously, implementing one as a CMOS gate wouldn't be enough. Reversible gates would be very different. AFAIR they need to have a fan-out of one - you can't just wire an output to two inputs without losing reversibility.

For example all the quantum computing is reversible and really doesn't want qbits to interact (hence get any energy) with the outside. So if you ignore all the supporting apparatus in theory it could work without spending energy. Toffoli gates can be used/realized in quantum computes.

there was a time when I used a simple "§" in my password. turned out, some Android keyboards don't have the "§". Since then I play it safe with my passwords, using only characters I don't need a specialized keyboard for

ok, it's stable (at least from the photos), but I would prefer a more lightweight approach

> Companies are seeing this switch, so they adapt. I guess they see more the possibilities of getting more data on their customers and even selling their data to others

Since the operation appears to have failed, obviously he cannot boast about it.

The normal reaction to the failure of reaching a military objective is to deny that you have ever attempted to reach it.

Cheeto Benito is threatening to jail reporters now.

Soooo much winning.

Well, he's threatening to jail reporters for reporting that an airman was down inside Iran, claiming that Iran didn't know until the US media reported it. He's not currently threatening reporters for claiming that the US was going after the HEU.

Didn’t he mention trying to do it?

in its beginning .NET was a wrapper around ActiveX and Com-objects and it tried with C# to replace Java (disregarding the Virtual J++ attempt). as their own JVM did not meet the license agreement they made with Sun. so there were several reasons and not every reason being one a developer would care about

but even the pricey tests can wrongfully have positives. if you eat sweets in which poppy seeds are ingredients you test positive for opioids (although near to the detection limit)

I'm not quite sure if the German implementation is possible without mobile devices (couldn't find anything on that at first glance). the Austrian implementation on the other hand does not require a mobile device, if you want to do it on a pc you just need a fido2 token

As strange as it is, but Austria is quite far ahead in terms of eIDAS since we've had Handysignatur for more than a decade. I wouldn't be surprised, if the Germans are planning to support hardware tokens, but haven't had the time yet.

I'm not sure either. I've looked at this other document: https://bmi.usercontent.opencode.de/eudi-wallet/eidas-2.0-ar...

It seems to imply that the already existing way of authenticating via eID, which is the auth chip present on our ID cards, will still work, if I read it correctly? I understand OP's link to refer to a new, alternative system, that can be used without the ID card.

But take this with a grain of salt, I'm not very well informed about the whole topic.

I havent looked into the details of either, but what would prevent Germans from using the Austrian implementation?

Austria provides their implementation only to people with Austrian citizenship or people working in Austria

there are several: one that is moderately priced and which I consider myself to buy is the JOY-IT UM120

Thanks, why do you prefer that particular model?

I wanted to have a model which tells me the modes which are supported and which is actually selected for a reasonable price and which I can order at a reasonable trader. this model seems to do the trick