> The case-insensitive file name lookup feature is supported on a per-directory basis, allowing the user to mix case-insensitive and case-sensitive directories in the same filesystem. It is enabled by flipping the +F inode attribute of an empty directory.
That's nicer than how Darwin handles it in that it doesn't force you to use it for the entire file system, although I'd be willing to bet this exposes some interesting bugs in applications, and I wonder if mixing case sensitivity inside a filesystem doesn't make them even more interesting to deal with.
Some universities do, but it's not a nationally mandated thing as far as I know.
I'm a domestic graduate student at a university that requires TOEFL scores (http://www.ets.org/toefl) and my department is rumored to have a policy of calling international students they are strongly considering in order to double check they can hold an intelligible conversation in English. That said, you can still get students who aren't very strong in "conversational/professional speaking level" English who pass through these requirements.
